Why a hotline is needed to help bring India and Pakistan back from the brink of a disastrous war

India and Pakistan are on the brink of war following a recent terrorist attack in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Kashmir, which resulted in 26 casualties. In response, Pakistan reports 26 deaths from Indian missile strikes on what they labeled as “terrorist infrastructure.” Pakistan retaliated by shooting down five Indian air force jets and a drone, describing the situation as an “act of war.”

Both countries have closed borders, shut down airspace, and suspended trade, raising concerns due to their possession of nuclear weapons. Previous crises have seen the US playing a pivotal role in de-escalation, with calls for restraint from US officials. However, uncertainty surrounds the extent of US involvement in the current situation.

Effective crisis communication is crucial between India and Pakistan to avoid further escalation, which is evident in the current inflammatory rhetoric, military readiness, and skirmishes along the line of control in Kashmir. Establishing empathetic channels of communication, particularly through a leader-to-leader hotline, is essential to prevent crises from spiraling out of control and manage them effectively when they occur.

Lessons from past nuclear standoffs, such as the Cuban missile crisis, emphasize the importance of mutual understanding, empathy, and trust between leaders to avert catastrophic outcomes. Establishing a hotline between Indian and Pakistani leaders is crucial for enhancing mutual security, promoting cooperation, and ensuring crisis de-escalation in a nuclear age where prudence and restraint are paramount.