Dehorning rhinos tips the balance against poaching – new study

The black and white rhino populations in the Greater Kruger region of South Africa have declined drastically from over 10,000 in 2010 to approximately 2,600 in 2023, mainly due to poaching for their horns. Despite investments in anti-poaching efforts such as tracking dogs, surveillance cameras, helicopters, and dehorning, hundreds of rhinos are killed each year for the illegal horn trade.

A research project involving reserve managers, rangers, and scientists from various universities and organizations was conducted to assess the effectiveness of these interventions. Over seven years, data was collected on rhino poaching in the region, leading to the dehorning of 2,284 rhinos across eight reserves. The study revealed a 78% reduction in poaching by dehorning, but it is not a complete solution as some dehorned rhinos were still poached.

Dehorning, while effective in the short term, does not address the root causes of poaching, such as horn demand, corruption, and socio-economic disparities. Collaboration between reserve managers and scientists is crucial in developing holistic strategies to protect rhinos. The study also highlights the need for community involvement, disrupting criminal networks, and prioritizing ranger welfare and training.

The findings challenge the notion that solely focusing on detecting and arresting poachers is sufficient. Instead, a multifaceted approach is recommended, including empowering local communities, combating corruption, and continuing dehorning efforts while addressing underlying factors driving wildlife crime.